防波堤椭圆形桶式基础结构的贯入受力特性实验研究

某工程拟在深水软土地基上修筑防波堤,为了尽量减少地基处理充分利用天然地基,创新性设计出一种轻型薄壁的预制防波堤结构,其挡浪部分为直立薄壁圆筒,基础部分则为倒扣的薄壁椭圆形桶,并且椭圆形下桶为外壁和内隔板分成9个格室,防波堤结构浮运至指定位置后,拟采用负压工法施工安装就位。这种新型防波堤结构为国内外首次提出,其下沉施工设计尚无规范可循,为此开展了土工离心模型试验,在模型加速过程中模拟了椭圆形下桶基础在淤泥层中的自重下沉,之后利用新研发了一种大行程作动加载装置给椭圆形下桶施加下推力,让其继续向下贯入直至穿越整个淤泥层,以模拟负压工法的贯入下沉。试验测量了下桶贯入下沉过程中的推力与贯入位移,还尝试测量了桶壁和内隔板断面的压应变,由此分析了下桶基础的下沉总阻力、桶壁摩擦力以及截面压应变随贯入位移的变化。结果发现,这些曲线均出现了转折点,根据转折点对应的下沉总阻力确定了椭圆形下桶基础贯入过程所遭遇的临界下沉总阻力值,据此估算了负压工法中所需施加的压力差。     

A Numerical Study of Tidal Asymmetry： Preferable Asymmetry of Nonlinear Mechanisms in Xiangshan Bay,East China Sea

In-situ measurements in Xiangshan Bay, the East China Sea, show that the duration of the rising tide is shorter than that of the falling tide around the bay mouth, while it becomes much longer in the inner bay. A finite volume coastal ocean model（FVCOM） with an unstructured mesh was applied to simulate the asymmetric tidal field of Xiangshan Bay. The model reproduced the observed tidal elevations and currents successfully. Several numerical experiments were conducted to clarify the roles of primary mechanisms underlying the asymmetric tidal field. According to the model results, the time-varying channel depth and nonlinear advection prefer shorter duration of the rising tide in Xiangshan Bay, while the time-varying bay width favors longer duration of the rising tide. The overtides generated by these two opposite types of nonlinear mechanisms are out of phase, resulting in smaller M4 amplitude than the sumfold of each individual contribution. Although the bottom friction as a nonlinear mechanism contributes little to the generation of overtide M4, it is regarded as a mechanism that could cause a shorter duration of the rising tide, for it can slow down the M2 phase speed much more than it slows down the M4 phase speed. The time-varying depth, nonlinear advection and bottom friction are dominating factors around the bay mouth, while the time-varying width dominates in the inner bay, causing the tidal elevation asymmetry to be inverted along the bay.     

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.     

山东嘉祥青山省级地质公园主要地质遗迹成因及评价

青山省级地质公园地质遗迹非常丰富,总面积2.43 km2,是以典型三山子组地层剖面、丰富构造形迹、泉水景观和洞穴类地质遗迹为主的小型地质公园。通过对区内地质遗迹的野外调查及室内综合研究分析,总结了公园内主要地质遗迹成因并对其评价,必将促进该区地质遗迹合理开发保护利用。     

基于FY-3B/MWRI数据的裸土区土壤湿度反演

使用高级积分方程模型,模拟多个地表参数条件下的风云三号B星微波成像仪(FY-3B/MWRI)资料。基于模拟数据,分析地表微波辐射特性,利用粗糙地表发射率Qp模型,建立我国西部地区裸露地表土壤湿度反演模型。将该模型用于我国西部地区4个日期(2011年10月8日、10月18日、10月28日和11月8日)的土壤湿度反演,并将反演结果用实测数据进行交叉验证。结果表明:反演土壤湿度与实测土壤湿度的决策系数R2为0.604,均方根误差为0.030 5 cm3/cm3,反演模型具有较高的反演精度。     

基于车载LiDAR数据的单株树提取

车载LiDAR数据能提供地物表面不同视角且具有容易获得高密度点云数据等优点,能为树木信息的精细提取提供有力保障.基于不同地物具有不同特征等性质,从车载LiDAR数据中对地物进行识别,将三维图形投影到二维平面上进行识别、分离、去噪及细化,运用Matlab编程实现对车载LiDAR数据中树木信息的提取.用全站仪对测区树木进行实地测量并进行定量分析,结果表明,方法可以较好地分离出构成树木的激光扫描点,达到树木提取的目的.     

HJ-1B/IRS水温反演模型及监测示范

利用2008～2009年期间约10景HJ-1B/IRS热红外波段遥感数据和过境时刻相应的气象观测数据,以EOS/MODIS温度产品为参照,在单窗算法的基础上,基于水体目标对该算法的参数进行修正,建立HJ-1B/IRS水体温度反演模型;将该模型反演的水体温度及采用单窗算法参数计算的温度与EOS/MODIS温度产品进行比较结果表明:采用单窗算法参数计算出的水体温度与EOS/MODIS温度产品的绝对平均误差为7.84℃;采用本研究得到的参数所反演的温度与EOS/MODIS温度产品的绝对平均误差为0.83℃。将水温反演模型应用于辽东湾区域,实现对该区域水温的动态监测。     

基于多分类器组合的遥感影像分类方法研究

针对遥感影像分类特点,提出了一种基于多分类器组合的遥感影像分类方法.该方法选取分类性能以及多样性最好的马氏距离、支持向量机(SVM)和最大似然等3种分类器作为子分类器,自定义规则对简单投票法、最大概率类别法以及模糊积分法进行组合,并以山西怀仁县为研究区,对基于航摄数字正射影像进行分类.结果表明,与单个子分类器中精度最高...     

MapInfo二次开发在坐标转换中的应用

在VC＋＋环境下运用MapInfo软件进行二次开发,编制坐标转换程序。利用OLE技术与MapInfo建立联系,实现坐标转换的地理信息处理功能,使用户直观了解转换区域位置、大小、点位分布及转换残差情况,并可在图中对重合点进行取舍。     

X射线脉冲星航天器姿态确定方法研究

本文阐述了利用X射线脉冲星实现航天器姿态确定的成像仪定姿、探测器扫描定姿和垂直双矢量相对定位姿态的3种方法,介绍了其基本原理;分析了3类方法与现有姿态确定方法相比存在的优势;并利用仿真数据分析了垂直双矢量相对定位姿态确定方法;研究了时延测定误差、可观测脉冲星数、脉冲星历表误差等对姿态确定精度的影响,得出了有益的结论.